Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in mitochondrial function. Age-associated accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations and mitochondrial proteotoxic stress contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore Mitochondrial damage contributes to inflammation that underlies aging. Several elegant studies have shown that restoring and maintaining mitochondrial homoeostasis can extend lifespan and improve organismal health. Positive modulators of mitochondrial health and homoeostasis can be used to not only to treat age-related diseases but also to promote healthy aging.